What is Short-Term Disability?

Short-Term Disability (STD) is a type of insurance that provides temporary income replacement if you are unable to work due to a qualifying medical condition, such as an illness, injury, or pregnancy. Unlike workers’ compensation, which only covers work-related injuries or illnesses, STD covers non-work-related conditions that prevent you from performing your job duties.

Most Short-Term Disability policies replace a percentage of your income, typically ranging from 50% to 70%, for a set period—usually from a few weeks up to six months. The exact benefits and coverage depend on the policy terms set by your employer or private insurer.

Short-Term Disability in Texas

Texas does not have a state-mandated Short-Term Disability program, meaning the state does not require employers to provide STD benefits. Instead, individuals who want coverage must obtain it through:

  1. Employer-Sponsored Plans – Some employers offer STD coverage as part of their benefits package. Employees may need to pay part of the premium, or the employer may cover the full cost.
  2. Private Insurance – Individuals can purchase their own STD policy through private insurers. Premiums and coverage vary based on factors like age, health, and occupation.
  3. Supplemental Plans – Some organizations, unions, or associations offer optional STD coverage to their members.

In Texas, if an individual does not have STD coverage, they may need to rely on savings, paid time off (PTO), or other benefits such as the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) if they qualify for long-term benefits.

4 Steps to Apply for Short-Term Disability in Texas

1. Check Your Eligibility

  • Review your employer’s policy or private STD plan to confirm eligibility requirements.
  • Common eligibility criteria include being a full-time employee, meeting a waiting period (e.g., 90 days), and having a qualifying medical condition.

2. Get Medical Documentation

  • A doctor must certify your disability by providing medical records, test results, and a treatment plan.
  • Some insurers require ongoing proof of disability through follow-up appointments.

3. Submit a Claim

  • Complete the insurer’s claim form, usually requiring details about your condition, your employer’s confirmation of your leave, and your doctor’s certification.
  • Submit your claim before the elimination period (waiting period before benefits start), which typically lasts 7-14 days.

4. Receive Benefits & Manage Your Recovery

  • If approved, you’ll receive payments based on your policy’s benefit percentage and duration.
  • Keep your insurer updated if your condition changes. If your disability extends beyond the STD period, you may need to transition to Long-Term Disability (LTD) or SSDI.

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Other Texas Benefits for Disability or Leave

If you do not have STD coverage or need additional financial support, Texas offers several other benefits:

1. Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

  • Provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave for qualifying medical conditions or family caregiving needs.
  • Available to employees of companies with 50+ workers, who have worked there for at least 12 months.

2. Workers’ Compensation

  • Covers work-related injuries and illnesses.
  • Pays for medical expenses and lost wages if you cannot work due to a workplace injury.

3. Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) & Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

  • SSDI is available for individuals with long-term disabilities who have a work history and have paid into Social Security.
  • SSI provides financial assistance for low-income individuals who are disabled.

4. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

  • Provides financial aid to low-income families who meet eligibility requirements.

5. Unemployment Benefits

  • If you recover and are able to work but lose your job while on disability, you may qualify for Texas unemployment benefits.

FAQs About Short-Term Disability in Texas

1. How long does Short-Term Disability last in Texas?

Most policies cover disabilities for 3 to 6 months, though some extend up to a year. The exact duration depends on the plan.

2. Does Texas require employers to offer Short-Term Disability?

No, Texas does not mandate STD coverage. It is an optional benefit provided by employers or purchased privately.

3. Can I get Short-Term Disability for pregnancy in Texas?

Yes, pregnancy is usually covered if you have an STD policy. Most plans cover childbirth recovery for 6-8 weeks, longer if complications arise.

4. How much does Short-Term Disability pay in Texas?

Typically, STD pays between 50% and 70% of your salary, depending on the policy. Some policies may have a cap on weekly or monthly payouts.

5. How do I know if I have Short-Term Disability coverage?

Check with your employer’s HR department or review your benefits package. If you don’t have employer coverage, you would need to purchase a private policy.

6. What happens if I am denied Short-Term Disability?

You can appeal the decision by submitting additional medical evidence or clarifications. If denied again, legal assistance may help in disputes.

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